I'm also familiar with electronics more from practical side than from theory, but your relationship between voltage rating, capacity, and power I think deserves a Nobel prize
Everything is more simple: it is 5V device, therefore you need capacitor rated by 10V or higher. It is output capacitor, therefore the higher capacity the better. Plus, it should have size which will be able to fit in this case
This is main limit of capacity in your situation.
Some people recommend to add 100nF ceramic capacitor in parallel to it.
I think the one you've pointed out should be ok.